In this article, the author explains the meaning of the word ‘modernity.’ He further explains how the different forms of modernity have affected the culture of storytelling among Bamasaaba in Uganda, East Africa. Generally there are different periods of modernity. However, in this article, the author has not considered forms of modernity which took place throughout all the periods of modernization. Instead he has limited his study to the modernization which took place from the middle of the (19th to-date. The components of modernity which the author analyzes include the following: introduction of the monitory economy, introduction of formal education, emergence of new religions and ways of worship, technological advancement, globalization and adoption of new and foreign cultures. The author explains how each of the above mentioned components of modernity has affected the culture of storytelling among Bamasaaba community in Uganda. The author’s concern is that storytelling which is an important genre of oral literature in Africa and the world over is varnishing among Bamasaaba. Interesting stories which the elderly people used to narrate to the children are dying away. The artistic nature and creativity of the people are no longer

In this article, the author explains the meaning of the word ‘modernity.’ He further explains how the different forms of modernity have affected the culture of storytelling among Bamasaaba in Uganda, East Africa. Generally there are different periods of modernity. However, in this article, the author has not considered forms of modernity which took place throughout all the periods of modernization. Instead he has limited his study to the modernization which took place from the middle of the (19th to-date. The components of modernity which the author analyzes include the following: introduction of the monitory economy, introduction of formal education, emergence of new religions and ways of worship, technological advancement, globalization and adoption of new and foreign cultures. The author explains how each of the above mentioned components of modernity has affected the culture of storytelling among Bamasaaba community in Uganda. The author’s concern is that storytelling which is an important genre of oral literature in Africa and the world over is varnishing among Bamasaaba. Interesting stories which the elderly people used to narrate to the children are dying away. The artistic nature and creativity of the people are no longer.

In this article, the author explains the meaning of the word ‘modernity.’ He further explains how the different forms of modernity have affected the culture of storytelling among Bamasaaba in Uganda, East Africa. Generally there are different periods of modernity. However, in this article, the author has not considered forms of modernity which took place throughout all the periods of modernization. Instead he has limited his study to the modernization which took place from the middle of the (19th to-date. The components of modernity which the author analyzes include the following: introduction of the monitory economy, introduction of formal education, emergence of new religions and ways of worship, technological advancement, globalization and adoption of new and foreign cultures. The author explains how each of the above mentioned components of modernity has affected the culture of storytelling among Bamasaaba community in Uganda. The author’s concern is that storytelling which is an important genre of oral literature in Africa and the world over is varnishing among Bamasaaba. Interesting stories which the elderly people used to narrate to the children are dying away. The artistic nature and creativity of the people are no longer.

The purpose of this article is to highlight on photography as an excellent art work. This article on photography is based on the authenticity and social influence of the photographer. In discussing the paper, some attempts have been made to examine the nature and dynamics of photography, as well as the appreciation of photographs as a human achievement. There is also a general overview on photography in Ghana, outlining in particular the visual aesthetics of the photographic industry, and the specialized fields that exist. The paper concludes that the use of technological photography in teaching at all levels should be encouraged. It is when we add our personal vision to the technology of photography then we cross that line from mere reproduction to transformation. With this shift from science to art, we begin speaking with a vocabulary of aesthetics.

This paper explores the effectiveness of task based language teaching (TBLT) in improving master level students’ narrative writing skill as well as students’ perception of task based language teaching. The sample has been taken in two stages. In the first stage two classrooms of MA English part 1(morning and evening) comprising 122 students have been selected by non-probability sampling technique. In the second stage, 60 students were selected and divided into two groups randomly after they were passed through a structure test adopted from old papers of English of grade 12. The treatment class has been taught for 20 days through task based language teaching. Experimental and control class data were collected through written tests and questionnaires. Written pre and post tests were administered to both classes comprising 60 students. Questionnaires were given to the students in experimental group after each of 12 treatment tasks. Data from written pre and post-test and questionnaires were analysed quantitatively. T-test was run to analyse improvement between the groups. Test results revealed highly significant difference between two groups. The study also demonstrated treatment groups’ general perception of task based language teaching positively. Findings of this study may inspire the teachers to adopt task based language teaching to improve students’ narrative writing as well as other skills.

This paper seeks to explore the importance of the in-house newsletter at Great Zimbabwe University (GZU) in articulating and managing its vision, mission statement and niche area to its academic staff. The article evaluates the extent to which the GZU newsletter incorporates corporate communication (CC) strategies in promoting its founding vision and/ or niche in the arts, culture and heritage to the academic staff at the university. In order to achieve this objective the paper employs a case study design as the framework for data collection and analysis. The paper also employs documentary analysis as data collection tools. The outcomes of this research proved that GZU to a lesser extent employs the GZU newsletter as part of its CC strategies in promoting its vision, mission and niche area to its internal publics, specifically the academic staff. The effectiveness of the newsletter is compromised by poor distribution to academic staff members and inadequate funding to produce a fully-fledged magazine.

The Persian Gulf region has been a region of contention and interest not only between the Gulf states, but to outside extra regional powers, owing mainly to its strategic location and its linkage with the Indian Ocean and the Eastern Mediterranean sea, as well as its enormous gas and oil resources which has made the region highly important in global political affairs. Energy is at the heart of the global political economy, and is of importance to global security. These have combined to make the politics of energy within the region highly complicated, and has left the region volatile for quite some time. This paper examines the security of energy within the region, focusing on the struggle for control and influence within the region among the Gulf states and extra regional powers, including the United states, Russia, India, China, the EU states and Turkey who are seen as big players , as a result of which the region has become unstable. The paper argues that no security arrangement would succeed in the region without the cooperation and involvement of Iran.

Right from the late 1890s, different colonial powers began to send their expeditions to Kambariland, aimed at dominating the Kambari economic affairs. In respect of their common mission, the European powers therefore, signed a considerable number of commercial treaties with the Kambari rulers within the area of eastern and western banks of Mashivo (River Niger, in Kambari language). Consequentially, the European contacts with the Kambari led to the imposition of colonial policies that later brought about some dramatic changes on the social, political and economic life of the Kambari. By the end of colonial rule in 1960, despite their attachment to their culture, some of the Kambari succumbed to the colonial rule and adopted the European ways of life. This paper has made an overview of the activities of the European powers in Kambariland, and it shows how the European conquest affected the political, economic and social life of the Kambari, particularly among the Akimba group of the Kambari people. Due to the scarcity of documented materials, oral information was systematically used in reconstructing the history of European contacts with the Kambari.

The study assessed the implementation of Vision 2020 Umurenge program in Rwanda. The study was empirical in nature, where by the researcher developed a questionnaire and an interview guide used to gather data. The study used employed a descriptive and a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from a sample of 384 respondents using cluster and systematic random sampling techniques. Analysis was done using frequency counts and percentage distributions, means and standard deviations. The findings revealed that VUP has been generally well implemented for all the three components. Majority of the beneficiaries have ever accessed public works services, including paid employment with 81.7%, direct support services in form of direct cash transfers, with 73% accessed and majority indicate that there is fairness in distribution of VUP funds, indicating that the direct cash support goes to the most deserving people. More than 90% of beneficiaries have accessed VUP loans and more than 95% have opened up savings accounts and are currently active.

The study was aimed at determining the effect of vocabulary instruction on students’ performance in reading comprehension in junior secondary schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest research design was used for the study. The target population of the study consisted of 39,227 JS II students in public junior secondary schools in Kaduna State. A sample size of 117 JS II students were used in the study. The sample size was arrived at using purposive sampling technique. Sixty seven (67) JS II students were sampled for experimental group while fifty (50) students were used as control group. Both groups were taught for six weeks. A pre-test was administered to both groups prior to the six weeks of teaching to establish the homogeneity of the two groups. A cloze reading comprehension test was used to assess students’ performance in the reading comprehension task. Data collected in the study was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. At descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used to respond to the research question while t-test was used at inferential level to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the experimental group performed better than the control group. The study concluded that it takes fairly intensive vocabulary instruction to guarantee measurable gains in reading comprehension. It was therefore recommended that teachers should include vocabulary instruction in teaching reading comprehension to facilitate more understanding. Curriculum planners should equally include vocabulary instruction as one of the teaching techniques in the basic education curriculum.

The nature of insecurity at global level is changing rapidly. In the Cold-War era, its problem was an issue of concern among countries but, it later changed to become a major challenge within different countries in the Post-War era. The case of African societies is critical due to the emergence of non-violent conflicts which seem to have compounded the already existing violent conflicts in these countries. This article uses social theories to explain this problem in Nigeria via data from secondary source. The article among other things examines the concept of insecurity, sources of insecurity, and theoretical approaches to insecurity, which include traditional (Functionalism and Marxism) and contemporary theories (Elite, social structure and anomie as well as relative deprivation theories) as they relate to the problem of insecurity in contemporary Nigeria. The study concludes that none of these theories could adequately provide an extensive explanation of the phenomenon under study but it offers synthesis of all the theories to provide an encompassing knowledge.

Right from the late 1890s, different colonial powers began to send their expeditions to Kambariland, aimed at dominating the Kambari economic affairs. In respect of their common mission, the European powers therefore, signed a considerable number of commercial treaties with the Kambari rulers within the area of eastern and western banks of Mashivo (River Niger, in Kambari language). Consequentially, the European contacts with the Kambari led to the imposition of colonial policies that later brought about some dramatic changes on the social, political and economic life of the Kambari. By the end of colonial rule in 1960, despite their attachment to their culture, some of the Kambari succumbed to the colonial rule and adopted the European ways of life. This paper has made an overview of the activities of the European powers in Kambariland, and it shows how the European conquest affected the political, economic and social life of the Kambari, particularly among the Akimba group of the Kambari people. Due to the scarcity of documented materials, oral information was systematically used in reconstructing the history of European contacts with the Kambari.

The nature of insecurity at global level is changing rapidly. In the Cold-War era, its problem was an issue of concern among countries but, it later changed to become a major challenge within different countries in the Post-War era. The case of African societies is critical due to the emergence of non-violent conflicts which seem to have compounded the already existing violent conflicts in these countries. This article uses social theories to explain this problem in Nigeria via data from secondary source. The article among other things examines the concept of insecurity, sources of insecurity, and theoretical approaches to insecurity, which include traditional (Functionalism and Marxism) and contemporary theories (Elite, social structure and anomie as well as relative deprivation theories) as they relate to the problem of insecurity in contemporary Nigeria. The study concludes that none of these theories could adequately provide an extensive explanation of the phenomenon under study but it offers synthesis of all the theories to provide an encompassing knowledge.

The study assessed the implementation of Vision 2020 Umurenge program in Rwanda. The study was empirical in nature, where by the researcher developed a questionnaire and an interview guide used to gather data. The study used employed a descriptive and a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from a sample of 384 respondents using cluster and systematic random sampling techniques. Analysis was done using frequency counts and percentage distributions, means and standard deviations. The findings revealed that VUP has been generally well implemented for all the three components. Majority of the beneficiaries have ever accessed public works services, including paid employment with 81.7%, direct support services in form of direct cash transfers, with 73% accessed and majority indicate that there is fairness in distribution of VUP funds, indicating that the direct cash support goes to the most deserving people. More than 90% of beneficiaries have accessed VUP loans and more than 95% have opened up savings accounts and are currently active.

The study was aimed at determining the effect of vocabulary instruction on students’ performance in reading comprehension in junior secondary schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest research design was used for the study. The target population of the study consisted of 39,227 JS II students in public junior secondary schools in Kaduna State. A sample size of 117 JS II students were used in the study. The sample size was arrived at using purposive sampling technique. Sixty seven (67) JS II students were sampled for experimental group while fifty (50) students were used as control group. Both groups were taught for six weeks. A pre-test was administered to both groups prior to the six weeks of teaching to establish the homogeneity of the two groups. A cloze reading comprehension test was used to assess students’ performance in the reading comprehension task. Data collected in the study was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. At descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used to respond to the research question while t-test was used at inferential level to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the experimental group performed better than the control group. The study concluded that it takes fairly intensive vocabulary instruction to guarantee measurable gains in reading comprehension. It was therefore recommended that teachers should include vocabulary instruction in teaching reading comprehension to facilitate more understanding. Curriculum planners should equally include vocabulary instruction as one of the teaching techniques in the basic education curriculum.

The main purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between principals’ staff relations practices and teacherrs’ job performance in public secondary schools in Anambra state. The correlational research design was adopted. All the six education zones, namely Aguata, Awka, Nnewi, Ogidi, Onitsha and Otuocha were studied. The population of the study comprised 6,342 secondary school teachers in six education zones of the state. The sample for the study was 634 public secondary school teachers in Anambra state representing 10% of public secondary school teachers in the six education zones of Anambra state. Researchers-developed instrument titled: Questionnaire on Staff Relations and Job Performance (QSRJP) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts and the reliability of the instrument was established through a trial- test in public secondary schools in Enugu State. The reliability index of the instrument using cronbach alpha method was 0.82 and was deemed high for the study. The researcher administered the instrument directly on the respondents with the help of five research assistants. Pearson’s Product Moment correlation coefficient was used in the data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that there is a moderate positive relationship between principals staff relation practices and teachers job performance in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Accordingly, it was recommended among others that principals and teachers in the state should maintain harmonious staff relations in their schools in order to enhance school productivity.

The study was aimed at determining the effect of vocabulary instruction on students’ performance in reading comprehension in junior secondary schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest research design was used for the study. The target population of the study consisted of 39,227 JS II students in public junior secondary schools in Kaduna State. A sample size of 117 JS II students were used in the study. The sample size was arrived at using purposive sampling technique. Sixty seven (67) JS II students were sampled for experimental group while fifty (50) students were used as control group. Both groups were taught for six weeks. A pre-test was administered to both groups prior to the six weeks of teaching to establish the homogeneity of the two groups. A cloze reading comprehension test was used to assess students’ performance in the reading comprehension task. Data collected in the study was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. At descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used to respond to the research question while t-test was used at inferential level to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the experimental group performed better than the control group. The study concluded that it takes fairly intensive vocabulary instruction to guarantee measurable gains in reading comprehension. It was therefore recommended that teachers should include vocabulary instruction in teaching reading comprehension to facilitate more understanding. Curriculum planners should equally include vocabulary instruction as one of the teaching techniques in the basic education curriculum.

This research was conducted to analyze the difference of attitudes and psychomotor of students at the implementation of authentic assessment in PJBL model (treatment group) compared to that at the implementation of inauthentic assessment in PjBL model (control group). This quasi experiment research used pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design, involving 54 university biology education students in the second semester of 2015/2016. The statistical test used ANCOVA with the significance level of 5% (p <0.05). The results of this research show that students’ attitudes toward Biology material after the implementation of authentic assessment in PjBL model have a difference of 9, 59% higher compared to that after the implementation of inauthentic assessment in PjBL model. The implementation of authentic assessment in PjBl has an effect on students’ psychomotor with a difference of 11, 19% higher compared to that at the implementation of inauthentic assessment in the PjBL model. It can be concluded that authentic assessment has a better effect on students’ attitudes toward biology material and students’ psychomotor compared to those at the implementation of inauthentic assessment in the PjBL model.

The study result showed that Ethiopia plays a key role in conflict resolution in the horn of Africa and in Somalia in particular. Currnetly political condition of Somalia is not capable to build organized governement; the Transitional government needs support of other countries like Ethiopia. As the study presented, even if the relation between Somalia and Ethiopia before 1991 is not good after 1991 they work together for the establishment of peace in the area. The involvement t of Ethiopia also have value in the way that struggling AlShabaab, Islamic Court Union and other terrorist groups. From the result of this study the researcher recommended that peace is not only a need for individual but rather it is worldwide and not only Ethiopia but also all nations should give a due consideration for the establishment of stability in all countries. As the result showed, the troops challenged in language and each country including Ethiopia should train soldiers to be able to speak the language of the country to communicate with the peoples of the given country.

Because female literacy contributes to the economic condition in sub-Saharan Africa, it is important to examine the role of index of economic freedom and religion on female literacy. By index of economic freedom, we mean an index that measures the extent to which individuals are free to engage in voluntary transactions. Using cross-sectional data of 33 sub-Saharan African countries, this paper examines: (a) the impact of index of economic freedom on female literacy, and (b) the influence of religion on female literacy. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, the study found that the index of economic freedom was positively related to female literacy at a 10 percent significant level. Religion was found to be negatively related to female literacy at a 1 percent level of significance.

Marathon is one of the popular physical activities in Taiwan. The Physical activities also play an important role in promoting quality of life (QoL). The distance running enhances participants’ life satisfaction and provides positive experiences in physical activity. This study aims to measure the perception of QoL and to find the effect on satisfaction and intent to return for Marathon runners. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to extract four major factorial dimensions of QoL, including multiple functions, spiritual, physical and cognitive factors. The main factors of QoL were introduced into the regression function on satisfaction and return intention. The results shown that the QoL factors including multiple functions, spiritual, physical and cognitive factors, and had positive and significant impacts on satisfaction for participants. The multiple functions and physical factors were also significantly positively correlated to the intent of return for runners.

The study was aimed at determining the effect of vocabulary instruction on students’ performance in reading comprehension in junior secondary schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest research design was used for the study. The target population of the study consisted of 39,227 JS II students in public junior secondary schools in Kaduna State. A sample size of 117 JS II students were used in the study. The sample size was arrived at using purposive sampling technique. Sixty seven (67) JS II students were sampled for experimental group while fifty (50) students were used as control group. Both groups were taught for six weeks. A pre-test was administered to both groups prior to the six weeks of teaching to establish the homogeneity of the two groups. A cloze reading comprehension test was used to assess students’ performance in the reading comprehension task. Data collected in the study was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. At descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used to respond to the research question while t-test was used at inferential level to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the experimental group performed better than the control group. The study concluded that it takes fairly intensive vocabulary instruction to guarantee measurable gains in reading comprehension. It was therefore recommended that teachers should include vocabulary instruction in teaching reading comprehension to facilitate more understanding. Curriculum planners should equally include vocabulary instruction as one of the teaching techniques in the basic education curriculum.

The research purpose is to know The Management of Bureaucracy Reformation of Technical Function of INP in Resort Police of Samarinda. The research has been conducted in using qualitative approach. All of the data collected through interviews, documentation and participant observation.From the result of this research as follows : (1). management of INP bureaucracy reformation is based on technical guidance dan INP Administration for reaching mindset, cultural and instrumental changing, and (2). Bureaucracy reformation of technical function of INP in Resort Police of Samarinda creates innovation and creativity in public services and to become a pilot project, and to be a part of INP Curriculum. Then, (3). supporting and obstacle factors are expected to be a spirit of changing for being an excellence Police services. The conclusion of these research are Bureaucracy reformation of technical function of INP in Resort Police of Samarinda is conducted effectively, professionally, modern, accountable, transparent and to become a pilot project in public service.

Nigeria faces a number of problems such as high rate of corruption, increasing unemployment, persistent poverty, lack of basic medical care amongst others. Added to the above stated developmental problems, is the problem of incessant rape permeating the Nigerian society. This paper examines the causes and effects of rape. The paper is essentially library research with internet sources using expository and phenomenological designs. Rape is shown to be a global social problem and its perpetrators cut across all age brackets. The paper recommends amongst others that; the society should exhibit zero tolerance to rape by engaging rape intolerance attitudes, an increased level of empathy; every perpetrator of rape should be exposed to take full responsibility for his or her actions and should under no circumstances be shielded or protected by parents, colleagues or churches. Nigerian government should enforce laws to protect women against rape.

Because female literacy contributes to the economic condition in sub-Saharan Africa, it is important to examine the role of index of economic freedom and religion on female literacy. By index of economic freedom, we mean an index that measures the extent to which individuals are free to engage in voluntary transactions. Using cross-sectional data of 33 sub-Saharan African countries, this paper examines: (a) the impact of index of economic freedom on female literacy, and (b) the influence of religion on female literacy. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, the study found that the index of economic freedom was positively related to female literacy at a 10 percent significant level. Religion was found to be negatively related to female literacy at a 1 percent level of significance.